Paquito ochoa jr executive secretary biography

Charles Edward Wiggins. Anita Vandenbeld. Sui Fengfu. Harald Neubauer. Richard Kuhn. Kristen Sarah. Vladimir Pomeshchikov. Michelle Theriault. Inger Marie Gundersen. Zaid Al-Khas. Igor Chzhan. Whether the provisions under EDCA are consistent with the Constitution, as well as with existing laws and treaties. HELD: 1. Since the power of judicial review involves the delicate exercise of examining the validity or constitutionality of an act of a coequal branch of government, this Court must continually exercise restraint to avoid the risk of supplanting the wisdom of the constitutionally appointed actor with that of its own.

It may invoke the power only when the following four stringent requirements are satisfied: a there is an actual case or controversy; b petitioners possess locus standi; c the question of constitutionality is raised at the earliest opportunity; and d the issue of constitutionality is the lis mota of the case. Section 25, Article XVIII of the Constitution, is clear that the presence of foreign military forces in the country shall only be allowed by virtue of a treaty concurred in by the Senate.

Hence, the performance of an official act by the Executive Department that led to the entry into force of an executive agreement was sufficient to satisfy the actual case or controversy requirement. In a legislators' suit, those Members of Congress who are challenging the official act have standing only to the extent that the alleged violation impinges on their right to participate in the exercise of the powers of the institution of which they are members.

Legislators have the standing "to maintain inviolate the prerogatives, powers, and privileges vested by the Constitution in their office and are allowed to sue to question the validity of any official action, which they claim infringes their prerogatives as legislators. As correctly argued by respondent, the power to concur in a treaty or an international agreement is an institutional prerogative granted by the Constitution to the Senate, not to the entire Legislature.

Despite the President's roles as defender of the State and sole authority in foreign relations, the Constitution expressly limits his ability in instances when it involves the entry of foreign military bases, troops or facilities. The initial limitation is found in Section 21 of the provisions on the Executive Department: "No treaty or international agreement shall be valid and effective unless concurred in by at least two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate.

The plain meaning of the Constitution prohibits the entry of foreign military bases, troops or facilities, except by way of a treaty concurred in by the Senate - a clear limitation on the President's dual role as defender of the State and as sole authority in foreign relations. Hence, the constitutionally restricted authority pertains to the entry of the bases, troops, or facilities, and not to the activities to be done after entry.

Although the Chief Executive wields the exclusive authority to conduct our foreign relations, this power must still be exercised within the context and the parameters set by the Constitution, as well as by existing domestic and international laws. Archived from the original on 14 May Garcia - Presidential Museum and Library". Marcos - Presidential Museum and Library".

Aquino - Presidential Museum and Library". Ramos - Presidential Museum and Library". Retrieved 30 June Executive departments of the Philippines. Independent cabinet-level agency National Economic and Development Authority. Categories : Executive secretaries of the Philippines Political chiefs of staff Office of the President of the Philippines.

Toggle the table of contents. Executive Secretary Philippines. Office of the President. Office of the Executive Secretary. Kalihim Tagapagpaganap. Bersamin since September 27, The President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments. At the President's pleasure. Commonwealth in exile. Manuel L. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 15, Retrieved October 2, Leandro Mendoza.

Paquito ochoa jr executive secretary biography

Salvador Medialdea. Jesse Robredo. Paquito Ochoa Jr. Virgilio de los Reyes — Proceso Alcala — Florencio Abad — Armin Luistro — Ramon Paje — Cesar Purisima — Enrique Ona — Janette Garin — Rosalinda Baldoz — Voltaire Gazmin — Rogelio Singson — Mario Montejo — Dinky Soliman — Alberto Lim — Ramon Jimenez Jr. Gregory Domingo — Adrian Cristobal Jr. Jejomar Binay — Julia Abad — Cesar Garcia —