Dominik joker biography of william

Newmyer F M. Jones Suetonius ca. Lounsbury Tracy Kel! Mercier W. Jiffrey Tatum Tibullus ca. Nicholas Horifall Vitruvius ca. Aicher Valerius F1accus fl. Taylor Velleius Paterculus ca. Dominik University qfNatal Bridge and E. Standard editions: M. Valerii Martialis Epigrammaton Libri, edited by W. Heraeus Leipzig: Teubner, ; republished by I. Borovskij dominik joker biography of william a few corrections and additions, ; M.

Martialis Epigrammata, second edition, edited by W. Izaac Paris: Bude, ; M. Valerii Martialis Epigrammaton Libri post W. Heraeum, edited by D. Shackleton Bailey Stuttgart: Teubner, Pott and F. Commentaries: F. Paley and W. Stone, M. On learning of the recent death of Marcus Valerius Martialis in about A. He was a man of remarkable talent; he had a perceptive and sharp mind; and his writings are no less exceptional for their charm as for their wit and sarcasm.

He gave me as much as he could and would have given me more if he had been able to do so. Surely, however, nothing greater can be conferred upon a man than a tribute that will bring him fame, praise, and immortality? But the poems he wrote will not be immortal. Perhaps they will not be, but he wrote them with the intention that they would be read by future generations.

Pliny confirms that Martial, no less than other ancient poets, aspired to achieve immortality through the favorable reception of his verses. However, Pliny was wrong in his prediction of Martial's poetic oblivion, for the epistolographer's desire to confer immortality upon his friend with this tribute proved unnecessary. Martial's entire corpus consists of around 1, epigrams, not including some verses expurgated from book 10 and lost from the shortened book There was a long and thriving tradition of epigrammatic composition preceding Martial.

Despite the formal consistency of the epigrammatic model he established, Martial developed the genre to its greatest versatility, making it a weapon that highlighted human idiosyncrasies and weaknesses through the clever use of wit, humor, ambiguity, paradox, irony, invective, ridicule, sarcasm, and obscenity. He aimed to elevate the epigram to a level of literary respectability and by adopting a stance of mock playfulness to subvert indirectly the more traditional and prestigious genres of epic and tragedy.

In this respect he represents a culminating point in the development of the vers de societe as exemplified in the genres of elegy, lyric, satire, and, of course, the epigram. Martial was largely successful in achieving his aims, as he firmly established the place of the epigram in the European literary tradition, despite the objections of later commentators to some aspects of his revolutionary program.

Martial was born ca. His parents, Valerius Fronto and Flacilla, ensured that he was educated in the usual manner of the age by instructing him in grammar and rhetoric. In or shortly before A. Rome was to be Martial's home for thirty-four years, although his epigrams on traveling and sightseeing reveal that he was familiar with the towns and countryside of Italy.

His desire for a standing at the imperial court similar to that of his Spanish colleagues was dashed when Lucan and Seneca, who had probably become his benefactors and friends, were implicated in the Pisonian conspiracy in A. Martial being crowned by the Emperor Domitian; illustration. They were written to be put on tombstones, to accompany gifts and other special purposes, and to celebrate occasions.

The popularity of the epigram in the Latin literary tradition is well attested, since poets such as Catullus, Virgil, Ovid, Lucan, and Petronius wrote them. At the time Martial began composing epigrams, the topical and metrical scope of the genre had already widened considerably, embracing virtually every imaginable subject in a variety of meters, but there were still certain conventions and requirements that an epigrammatist was expected to follow.

While Martial incorporated traditional elements of the genre as he inherited it, he felt compelled to justify his development of new techniques and subject matter. His contributions to the genre are so important, moreover, that he is widely regarded as its greatest and During the reigns of Nero, Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian, Martial sustained himself in a humble apartment in Rome by composing occasional verses for a succession of apparently parsimonious patrons.

Under Nero, or more likely the Flavian emperors, probably Titus reigned A. His poetry reveals that he either was given or inherited a farm at Nomentum, fifteen miles northeast of Rome, in about A. Martial may not have been received as favorably during Nerva's reign A. With the assistance of his friend Pliny, who paid his traveling expenses, Martial retired to the rural estate given to him by his wealthy patroness Marcella.

While Martial praises the Epicurean ideal of the quiet life that he must have enjoyed at first in his change to a country environment, eventually he did not find Bilbilis as agreeable as he had hoped. There was a lack of stimulating material for epigrammatic composition; he was besieged by the local townspeople requesting his help; he had little patience for the gossip-mongering of a small provincial town; and he probably missed the recognition, respect, and incentives of patronage that only Rome could accord him.

Nevertheless, he managed to complete his last book of epigrams there before dying ca. Martial's literary fame, social standing, and economic fortunes improved after his publication in A. Shackleton Bailey's Teubner edition includes only a few dozen poems, but the surviving collection is incomplete. The initial epigrams celebrate the greatness of the Flavian Amphitheater and the beneficence and benevolence of Titus: the Flavian Amphitheater surpasses the wonders of the ancient world On the Games 1 ; the house and grounds of the cruel Nero have been reclaimed by Rome for the entertainment of her people under the rule of Titus 2 ; the games, attended by spectators from every corner of the empire, are presided over by its true father 3 ; and informers whose possessions formerly lined the imperial coffers of Titus's predecessors now are flogged in the arena and exiled The bulk of the pieces in this collection celebrate some of the spectacles of the games.

Many of the events described had been reenacted according to well-known incidents in myth but are represented as being more spectacular than their mythical versions. The spectacles include a performance of the bull mating with Pasiphae On the Games 6 ; Mars and Venus serving Caesar 7 ; wild animals being slain by gladiators 8,32 or other animals26 ; gladiators and criminals, some taking on the roles of mythical characters, being torn apart by beasts19, ; an elephant kneeling to pay homage to Titus 20 ; Titus calling for gladiators to dominik joker biography of william the arena 23 ; mock sea battles, some featuring mythical characters, held in the flooded arena34 ; a water spectacle featuring groups of Nereids 30 ; a gladiatorial contest in which both combatants are declared victors 31 ; and a hind who prayed to Titus and was spared by hounds Some of these spectacles seem especially cruel according to modern sensibilities, but they served to illustrate to his people through the public punishment of criminals the importance of adhering to the legal and social codes of the state and the potential consequences of violating them.

In addition, the spectacles provided a means for the emperor to display publicly his generosity and affection for his subjects. So well-received was the Liber de Spectaculis that Martial actually sent a copy to Titus. Despite the success of this commemorative collection, which made the public eager to read more of his epigrams, not until four or five years later in A.

These collections are mainly of historical rather than literary interest. With its emphasis upon food, drink, and clothes, Xenia reveals much about the culinary and fashion trends of the late first century, while Apoplwreta, with its descriptions of various objets d'art, conveys a sense of the aesthetic taste of the Romans and something of the spirit of the Saturnalia, a festive celebration held in December in which the barriers between classes were temporarily removed.

Mainly single couplets in elegiac meter, the poems in these books were written to accompany presents given during festivals, particularly the Saturnalia, and other occasions of gift-giving such as birthdays, weddings, and anniversanes. Xenia includes epigrams that were used to accompany gifts, mainly of food and drink, sent to friends. The collection is structured around the various components of a lavish Roman dinner: the central four sections, which feature the possible dishes for each of the four main courses, are ringed by two sections of side dishes and drink available during the dinner; these sections in turn are framed by prefatory epigrams and epigrams on non-food gifts.

Martial mentions a large variety of vegetables, grains, fruits, dairy products, meat, seafood, wine, sauces, and honey. Two examples from the collection illustrate the way that he cleverly plays on the meaning and sense of key words. In a couplet that was to accompany the gift of a rooster, he writes Epigrams I When it was of wine, it was vilior more despicable "; in this epigram he plays on two senses of the word vilior, "cheaper" and "more despicable.

Phoenix 77 : Oxford: Oxford University Press, Journal of Roman Studies : Schwartz, Edwards, and J. Murphy, Publicado William J Dominik. Wikidata item. Australian-American Classical Studies scholar. Dominik at the University of Ibadan in ClevelandOhioUSA. Life [ edit ]. Career [ edit ]. Research [ edit ]. Books [ edit ]. One of the team members, Ratmir Shishkov, was killed in a car accident to death.

Nastya, Timati and Dominik decided to embark on a free voyage. After the collapse of the band, our hero was able to prove himself as a composer. Inthe first solo album of Dominic - "Real People" appeared on sale. The entire circulation of the record was sold out in a couple of weeks. This result pushed the singer to further development of his career.

Currently, 15 singles, 19 video clips, 10 prestigious music awards and hundreds of concerts stay in the artist's creative coin box. A graduate of the "Star Factory-4" never complained about the lack of female attention. Girls, he took not his appearance, but charisma and natural charm. With his future wife Albina, the singer met in late It happened in the company of their mutual friends.

Slender blonde with a charming smile immediately liked Dominic. He did everything to arrange it to himself. Formally, the singer wanted to formalize relations with his beloved Albina back in But the celebration had to be postponed because of the busy schedule.

Dominik joker biography of william

Their wedding took place only at the end of This time, it was not possible to postpone this event. After all, the girl was in an interesting position. Thamada at the wedding was the best friend of Dominica - rapper Timati. A lot of star guests attended the event. Among them is the composer and producer Igor Krutoy. In FebruaryDominic Joker's wife gave birth to a first child - a tiny little boy, who was named Martin.

The young father could not look at the heir. Dominic himself swaddled him, bathed and shook in the crib. In Decemberthe Breslavsky family received another replenishment. The second son appeared in the world. The boy received a beautiful and rare name - Marcus. Dominik Joker, whose personal life interests many, has long been considered an exemplary family man.

However, in Novemberthe media reported that he met a new love. The heart of the well-known songwriter in the style of rap and rhythm-n-blues was won by the pretty blonde Ekaterina Kokorina. She is a member of the project "The Voice" First Channel.